2022, Volume 18

EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness



Zbigniew Borysiuk1, Monika Błaszczyszyn1, Katarzyna Piechota1, Stefan Balko2, Zbigniew Waśkiewicz3

1Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
2Jan Evangelista Purkyně University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
3Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland


Author for correspondence: Zbigniew Borysiuk; Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland; email: Z.Borysiuk@po.edu.pl


Full text

Abstract

Background and Study Aim: The efficiency of influence of the phenomenon of anticipation on the effectiveness of the most classic technical attack in fencing, which is a straight lunge in épée on the opponent’s trunk, is expressed in terms of activating the muscles of the legs and postural indicators recorded as vertical ground reaction forces (GRF) characterized by a delay in relation to EMG signal. The main objective of the research reported in this paper is knowledge about the influence of the phenomenon of anticipation on the effectiveness of a straight lunge in épée on the opponent’s trunk.

Material and Methods: Seven of the world's leading athletes, medal-winners of the World Championships and Europe, both in individual and team tournaments, took part in the research. Three research tools applied EMG, ground force reaction platform and the motion capture system (Opti Track).

Results: The research demonstrated a high level of correlation coefficients between the force exerted in the rear leg and EMG of the LAT GAS (caput laterale) muscles (r = 0.861) and MED GAS (caput mediale) r = 0.874, for the statistical significance level of p<0.05. These values indicate a delay of the vertical force to the EMG of about 15 ms. The values of temporal indicators: reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) indicate the greatest level of correlation with the activation times of the following muscles: PRT TB (premotor reaction time triceps brachii) r = 0.893; PRT ECR (-extensor carpi radialis) r = 0.863) as well as MRT FZ (movement time Fz) rear (r = 0.824) as an indicator of strength. Both phases (premotor RT and motor RT) determine the effectiveness of the fencing lunge, i.e. decrease of the duration of complex response time RT

Conclusions: The phenomenon of anticipation applies to both the premotor time and motor RT intervals. The results of the research also confirmed that the effectiveness of the lunge depends on the speed of activation of the triceps brachii and the volume of EMG generated by the gastrocnemius muscles of the rear leg.


Key words: reaction time, anticipatory postural adjustment, premotor reaction time, motor reaction time, épée, response time


Cite this article as:

AMA:

Borysiuk Z, Błaszczyszyn M, Piechota K et al. EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness. ARCH BUDO. 2022;18:13-22

APA:

Borysiuk, Z., Błaszczyszyn, M., Piechota, K., Balko, S., & Waśkiewicz, Z. (2022). EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness. ARCH BUDO, 18, 13-22

Chicago:

Borysiuk, Zbigniew, Błaszczyszyn Monika, Piechota Katarzyna, Balko Stefan, Waśkiewicz Zbigniew. 2022. "EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness". ARCH BUDO 18: 13-22

Harvard:

Borysiuk, Z., Błaszczyszyn, M., Piechota, K., Balko, S., and Waśkiewicz, Z. (2022). EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness. ARCH BUDO, 18, pp.13-22

MLA:

Borysiuk, Zbigniew et al. "EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness." ARCH BUDO, vol. 18, 2022, pp. 13-22

Vancouver:

Borysiuk Z, Błaszczyszyn M, Piechota K et al. EMG structure, ground reaction forces as anticipatory indicators of the fencing lunge effectiveness. ARCH BUDO 2022; 18: 13-22