2022, Volume 18
Musculoskeletal injuries in freestyle wrestling – sport specification
Paulina Brzezińska 1, Jan Mieszkowski2, Tomasz Waldziński3, Aleksandra Durzyńska4, Ewa Waldzińska5, Dominik Mieszkowski6, Jadwiga Sarwińska7, Małgorzata Knaś8, Andrzej Kochanowicz9
1Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland , Gdańsk, Poland
21. Faculty of Physical Education, 2. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, 1. Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland, 2. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Gdańsk, Poland
3Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Science, Lomza, Poland, Łomża, Poland
4Faculty of Health Sciences, Łomża, , Lomza State University of Applied Science, Lomza, Poland,, Łomża, Poland
5Faculty of Health Sciences, Łomża, Lomza State University of Applied Science, Lomza, Poland, Łomża, Poland
6Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Bydgoszcz, Poland
7Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum UMK, Bydgoszcz, Poland, , Bydgoszcz, Poland
8Faculty of Health Sciences, Łomża, Łomża, PL, Lomza State University of Applied Science, Lomza, Poland, Łomża, Poland
9Faculty of Physical Education, Gdańsk, PL, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland, Gdańsk, Poland
Author for correspondence: Jan Mieszkowski; 1. Faculty of Physical Education, 2. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, 1. Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland, 2. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Gdańsk, Poland; email: mieszkowskijan@gmail.com
Full text
Abstract
Background and Study Aim: Restricted and very demanding training, rapid weight reduction, and excessive exercise exposes wrestler’s body on the increase of risk of injuries and sport related trauma. Understanding the types, frequency, and main causes of injuries and their relation to sport specification can be beneficial in injury prevention and programming the training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to knowledge about the nature and frequency of injuries at a professional level of the freestyle wrestling.
Material and Methods: Forty-three wrestlers (men) with the 14.7 years’ (6 to 22) experience in sport competition retrospectively evaluated wrestling injury history and clinical and demographic data based on completed a structured questionnaire. Wrestlers represented: master class 15 (35%), 1st sports class 23 (53%) and 2nd sports class 5 (12%). Obtained results have been enriched by the information acquired from the analysis of the available medical records submitted by the respondents. The diagnostics was mainly based on the X-ray (58.13%) or ultrasound (55,81%) diagnostic methods.
Results: The most common injuries of the lower limbs concerned the knee joint (58.13%), the area of the upper limbs – hands (62.79%), and wrist (39.53%), the area of the trunk, the cervical (79.06%) and lumbar spine (48.83%). The nature of the injury most often concerned contusions (each of the wrestlers suffered this type of injury), damage to tendons (55.81%) and damage of articular structures. Unfortunately, 30.2% of the injuries required surgical treatment.
Conclusions: Injuries of the spine and knee joints mostly are the result (probably) of inappropriate training methods, inadequacy of training to the fitness level of the athlete. It may lead to congestion and temporary disturbances in the normal functioning of the human body, resulting in injuries. Presented results indicate that there is a need to take action – injury prevention methods at the seniors’ level to prevent musculoskeletal injuries in freestyle wrestling. On the other hand, presented results shown that there is a need of proper education of trainers responsible for organizing the training sessions.
Key words: micro traumas, martial arts, division of the combat sports, combat sports